{"id":1288,"date":"2024-05-06T19:39:37","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T17:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cemondeblog.wordpress.com\/?p=1288"},"modified":"2024-05-06T19:39:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T17:39:37","slug":"lecole-nest-plus-ce-quelle-etait","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asimon.eu\/blog\/enseignement\/lecole-nest-plus-ce-quelle-etait\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9cole n’est plus ce qu’elle \u00e9tait"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dans Le Soir du 24 f\u00e9vrier 2016<\/a>, Vincent De Coorebyter, professeur de droit et de philosophie \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles et ancien directeur du C.R.I.S.P.<\/a>, dissertant sur l’enseignement, pose un diagnostic sur ce qu’il appelle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0un malaise profond qui ne perce \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s jamais dans les m\u00e9dias\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se basant sur<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0des t\u00e9moignages concordants\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

qui rejoignent un discours effectivement r\u00e9pandu, \u00e0 mon sens facile et pass\u00e9iste, comme quoi, en gros, l’enseignement aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 plus rigoureux jadis, on nivelle par le bas etc. Le refrain est connu. Il parle ainsi d’orthographe, de grammaire, d’apprentissage de langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res, de math\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme ancien \u00e9l\u00e8ve, de ce fameux temps o\u00f9 les choses \u00e9taient s\u00e9rieuses, et comme ancien enseignant, de ce mis\u00e9rable temps o\u00f9 tout fout le camp, je sens les cheveux qui me restent se dresser sur ma t\u00eate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parlant de langues, j’en manipule cinq, avec plus ou moins de bonheur, dont le n\u00e9erlandais et l’anglais. L’apprentissage de ces deux derni\u00e8res date de mes \u00e9tudes secondaires, et j’ai coutume de dire que ce que j’en sais, je l’ai appris MALGR\u00c9 l’\u00e9cole. \u00c9videmment, la m\u00e9thode recourait abondamment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0[au] drill, [\u00e0] la syst\u00e9matisation, [\u00e0] l\u2019int\u00e9riorisation des connaissances de base \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019exercices rigoureux\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

tellement rigoureux qu’\u00e0 la sortie de l’enseignement secondaire j’\u00e9tais incapable de demander mon chemin ou commander un repas en anglais ou en n\u00e9erlandais ! Mais je pouvais r\u00e9citer par coeur \u00ab\u00a0O het ruizen van het ranke riet\u00a0\u00bb de Guido Gezelle<\/a>. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’autre part, lorsque l’on fustige<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0La volont\u00e9 de rendre l\u2019enseignement plus vivant, plus actif, plus ludique, moins d\u00e9pendant du par c\u0153ur et de savoirs vermoulus\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ou lorsqu’on ironise sur une p\u00e9dagogie qui<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0doit reposer sur le ludique, la rencontre, l\u2019immersion et l\u2019induction, comme si les \u00e9l\u00e8ves allaient int\u00e9rioriser des r\u00e8gles complexes en … d\u00e9gageant eux-m\u00eames (par quel miracle ?) un tableau complet de ce qu\u2019il leur faut apprendre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

on fait l’impasse sur une dimension fondamentale de l’apprentissage: n’en d\u00e9plaise aux tenants de l’effort et du m\u00e9rite exclusifs, on n’apprend bien que si on trouve un sens, un but, un plaisir \u00e0 son apprentissage, et si on en est un partenaire actif. Cela n’exclut ni la rigueur, ni l’excellence, ni l’effort, c’en est juste un pr\u00e9alable indispensable: faites-en l’exp\u00e9rience, on apprend mieux et plus vite des mati\u00e8res difficiles si on sait pourquoi, et si on participe \u00e0 l’\u00e9laboration de son propre savoir, en d’autres mots si on est sujet d’apprentissage plut\u00f4t qu’objet d’enseignement. Et c’est une caricature honteuse de pr\u00e9tendre que la m\u00e9thode inductive suppose que l’\u00e9l\u00e8ve d\u00e9couvre tout tout seul: il s’agit d’un point de d\u00e9part, de s’appuyer sur le connu pour affronter l’inconnu et construire un nouveau savoir, ou un savoir-faire, avec l’aide de l’enseignant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quant \u00e0 l’\u00e9valuation, elle ne vaut pour moi que ce que vaut l’\u00e9valuateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0les professeurs t\u00e9moignent qu\u2019ils emploient tous, \u00e0 regret, la fameuse courbe de Gauss : ils donnent les points n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 un nombre pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves, ne recalant que les plus d\u00e9ficients et laissant passer les autres\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0, le \u00ab\u00a0tous\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> peut para\u00eetre abusif. En fait, l’utilisation de la courbe de Gauss rel\u00e8ve plus d’un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne psychologique largement inconscient  que d’une d\u00e9cision consciente de l’\u00e9valuateur. Aujourd’hui ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne connu depuis longtemps r\u00e9siste aux tentatives d’objectivation de l’\u00e9valuation, \u00e0 l’utilisation de grilles souvent tatillonnes ou d’outils alambiqu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le sujet de l’\u00e9valuation est vaste, et charrie lui aussi bien des id\u00e9es fausses, comme l’illusion de l’objectivit\u00e9, et des pratiques d\u00e9nu\u00e9es de sens, comme le calcul de moyennes et autres op\u00e9rations math\u00e9matiques sur des \u00ab\u00a0valeurs\u00a0\u00bb qui ne s’y pr\u00eatent pas. Des exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es ont bien montr\u00e9 que pour une m\u00eame prestation, il y a presque autant de r\u00e9sultats diff\u00e9rents que d’\u00e9valuateurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9valuer, c’est attribuer une valeur. Et en p\u00e9dagogie, c’est une prestation, une production qu’on \u00e9value, pas une personne. L\u00e0 encore, des id\u00e9es fausses bien ancr\u00e9es circulent, port\u00e9es par des expressions comme \u00ab\u00a0bon \u00e9l\u00e8ve\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En bref, s’il est vrai que l’enseignement souffre de bien des maux, dont le moindre n’est pas la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation sociale, ce n’est pas dans un pass\u00e9 mythique mais dans une r\u00e9flexion exempte de tabous et de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s qu’il faut y chercher des rem\u00e8des.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00ab un malaise profond qui ne perce \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s jamais dans les m\u00e9dias \u00bb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","h5ap_radio_sources":[],"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[53,54,52],"tags":[218,126,290,202,306,75,102,294,214,117,483,97,263,136,4,211,353,240,229,125,12],"class_list":["post-1288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belgique","category-enseignement","category-non_classe","tag-bonheur","tag-bruxelles","tag-chemin","tag-coeur","tag-depart","tag-ecole","tag-enseignement","tag-ete","tag-grammaire","tag-mots","tag-nom","tag-orthographe","tag-passe","tag-philosophie","tag-reflexion","tag-rencontre","tag-repas","tag-soir","tag-tableau","tag-temps","tag-valeurs"],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=300%2C155&ssl=1",300,155,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"gs-tiny":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=50%2C26&ssl=1",50,26,true],"xl":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"xxl":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"xxxl":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"xxxxl":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"xxxxxl":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true],"mailpoet_newsletter_max":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/asimon.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ecole_6.jpeg?fit=679%2C350&ssl=1",679,350,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"

\u00ab un malaise profond qui ne perce \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s jamais dans les m\u00e9dias \u00bb …<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"Belgique<\/a>, Enseignement<\/a>, Non class\u00e9<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Andr\u00e9","url":"https:\/\/asimon.eu\/blog\/author\/andre\/"},"comments_num_v2":"4 commentaires","yoast_head":"\nL'\u00e9cole n'est plus ce qu'elle \u00e9tait - Cemondeblog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vincent De Coorebyter pose un diagnostic sur ce qu'il appelle "un malaise profond (de l'enseignement) qui ne perce \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s jamais dans les m\u00e9dias"\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asimon.eu\/blog\/enseignement\/lecole-nest-plus-ce-quelle-etait\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'\u00e9cole n'est plus ce 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